Bureaucratic norms are a critical component of state capacity that shape when and how public agencies implement policies effectively on behalf of marginaliz citizens. NOVEMBER ANTITRUST LAW JOURNAL Are Patents Creative or Destructive pdf By Nicholas Tom ABSTRACT—Current debate over patent aggregation has l to renew interest in the long standing question concerning whether patents are a creative or a destructive influence on the process of technological development.
In this paper I examine the basic patent
Tradeoff between incentives and monopoly distortions in light of recent contributions to the literature. I outline where patents can function effectively where they can be Dominican Republic Email List damaging and where additional complementary mechanisms to spur innovation may be appropriate. Publisher s link http people.hbs tnicholas patents creative destructive.pdf pdf WORKING PAPERS Does Management Matter in Schools By Bloom Nicholas Renata Lemos Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen ABSTRACT—We collect data on operations targets and human resources management practices in over schools ucating year olds in eight countries. Overall we show that higher management quality is strongly associat with better ucational outcomes.
The UK Sewn Canada and the U.S.
Obtain the highest management scores closely follow by and then finally India. We also show that autonomous government schools i.e. government fund but Mexico Whatsapp Number with substantial independence like UK academies and U.S. charters have significantly higher management scores than regular government schools and private schools. Almost half of the difference between the management scores of autonomous government schools and regular government schools is account for by differences in leadership of the principal and better governance.